How do I convert a number to Roman numerals?

Enter any number from 1 to 3999 in the input field. The converter will automatically convert it to the correct Roman numeral representation. For example, 2024 becomes MMXXIV.

What is the maximum number I can convert to Roman numerals?

The standard Roman numeral system supports numbers from 1 to 3999. Numbers greater than 3999 require special notation (using a bar over numerals), which is not commonly used.

How do I convert Roman numerals back to numbers?

Switch to 'Roman → Number' mode and enter valid Roman numerals (I, V, X, L, C, D, M). The converter will automatically convert them to their Arabic number equivalent.

What are the basic Roman numeral symbols?

The basic symbols are: I (1), V (5), X (10), L (50), C (100), D (500), and M (1000). Combinations and subtractive notation (like IV for 4, IX for 9) are also used.

Can Roman numerals represent zero or negative numbers?

No, the Roman numeral system has no symbol for zero and cannot represent negative numbers. The converter will show an error if you try to convert zero or negative numbers.

Is the Roman numerals converter free to use?

Yes, completely free! No registration, no limits, no hidden fees. All conversions happen in your browser - we never see or store your data.

🔢 Roman Numerals Converter

Convert Arabic numbers to Roman numerals and Roman numerals to numbers online for free. Support for numbers 1-3999. Real-time conversion. No registration required.

Conversion Mode:

Auto-convert (real-time)

Quick Examples:

Arabic Number (1-3999)

Enter a number between 1 and 3999

Common Roman Numerals

100

400

500

900

1000

1984

MCMLXXXIV

2024

MMXXIV

What are Roman Numerals?

Roman numerals are a numeral system that originated in ancient Rome and remained the usual way of writing numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages. They use combinations of letters from the Latin alphabet to represent values.

Unlike Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3...), Roman numerals use letters: I, V, X,L, C, D, and M. Each letter has a specific value, and numbers are formed by combining these letters according to specific rules.

Roman Numeral Symbols

Basic Symbols

I = 1
V = 5
X = 10
L = 50
C = 100
D = 500
M = 1000

Subtractive Notation

IV = 4 (5 - 1)
IX = 9 (10 - 1)
XL = 40 (50 - 10)
XC = 90 (100 - 10)
CD = 400 (500 - 100)
CM = 900 (1000 - 100)

Rules for Roman Numerals

1.Repetition: A letter can be repeated up to 3 times. For example, III = 3, XXX = 30, CCC = 300.
2.Subtraction: When a smaller letter appears before a larger letter, subtract the smaller from the larger. IV = 4, IX = 9, XL = 40.
3.Addition: When a smaller letter appears after a larger letter, add them together. VI = 6, XI = 11, LX = 60.
4.Order: Letters are written from largest to smallest value, except when using subtractive notation.
5.Limitations: Traditional Roman numerals only go up to 3999 (MMMCMXCIX). Higher numbers require special notation.

Common Use Cases

Years: Roman numerals are often used to represent years, especially in copyright notices (e.g., © MMXXIV for 2024).

Monuments and Buildings: Many historical buildings and monuments display dates in Roman numerals.

Book Chapters: Some books use Roman numerals for chapter numbers, especially in academic and classical literature.

Clock Faces: Traditional clock faces often use Roman numerals for the hours.

Movie Credits: Production years in movie credits are sometimes displayed in Roman numerals.

Numbering Systems: Used in outlines, lists, and hierarchical numbering systems.

Examples

Simple Numbers

1 = I

5 = V

10 = X

50 = L

100 = C

500 = D

1000 = M

Subtractive Notation

4 = IV

9 = IX

40 = XL

90 = XC

400 = CD

900 = CM

Complex Numbers

42 = XLII

1984 = MCMLXXXIV

2024 = MMXXIV

3999 = MMMCMXCIX